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What is a Reserve Study? And Why Should Your Community Association Have One? PDF Print E-mail
 By Mitchell H. Frumkin, PE, RS, CGP
President, Kipcon Inc.

 

A reserve study is a comprehensive report of a property’s major common element components as well as a budget planning tool.  Without careful planning, common area components such as roofs, roadways and siding can become serious financial liabilities to community associations.  A reserve study serves as a road map for planning an association’s budget, meeting all legal, fiduciary and professional requirements, minimizing the need for special assessments and enhancing property resale values.

Reserve studies give community association managers, board members and property owners assurance that future common element expenses are identified early enough to implement a plan to pay for those projects.  A common element is any piece of an association’s property that is owned by the community as a whole rather than by individual unit owners.  Typically, common elements include the grounds, parking areas, recreational facilities and external structure of the building(s).   

A professionally prepared budget-planning tool, a reserve study includes both a physical and a financial analysis.  The physical analysis includes a site visit to visually inspect the property’s common elements.  The engineer determines the existing condition of each common element (presented as an estimated remaining useful life) as well as its quantity and estimated replacement or repair cost.  The financial analysis is the evaluation of the association's current reserve status (measured as a cash balance or percent funded). 

After determining the estimated remaining useful lives of the association’s components and identifying the current status of the association’s reserve fund, the reserve study report establishes a stable and equitable funding plan to offset the anticipated future major common-area expenditures.  The engineer calculates a recommended reserve contribution rate (funding plan) and a projection of future income/expenses.  This analysis tracks the reserve fund balance, annual reserve contributions and the annual expenditure trends over a thirty year period allowing the association to make an informed decision in regards to how much money should be set into the reserve fund each year to feel comfortable that a special assessment will not be required. 

Equally as important is keeping the reserve study updated.  Every few years the report should be adjusted for all the local changes in replacement costs, actual and expected dates of replacement and any changes in future reserve contributions. These changes occur from delayed or accelerated projects, extraordinary maintenance, extreme weather, advancements in construction methods and materials and/or additions and deletions to the property.

By mapping out a path to financial and budget planning success, reserve studies clearly fulfill the board of directors' fiduciary responsibility to their community association.  In addition, reserve studies help to maintain the property's value, appearance and each unit owner’s investment. They also show potential buyers a more accurate and complete picture of your association’s financial strength and market value.  Taking it a step further, a reserve study can be used as the starting point to reducing operating costs and optimizing energy, maintenance and replacement expenses. 

Overall, the careful inspection and financial analysis if a reserve study provides community associations with a sophisticated management tool that will help them to balance and optimize long-term property values and membership costs.  Although unexpected speed bumps (fire, floods or car accidents that cause property damage) are bound to happen, a community with an updated reserve study will be better prepared to deal with them. 

Steer clear of a financial deficit and invest in the tools of success by having a reserve study prepared for your community association today.

 

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